| Approach : |
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| Built for Users (Care Providers) and Patients |
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| Kranium’s design has three key individuals – Patient, Physician, and Nurse, as the focal point of the system. |
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| The system identifies the patient by a unique Patient Number, against which the patient’s demographic data is stored and vital medical data is referenced. The format and structure of the Patient Identification Number is user-definable. A patient’s encounter with the hospital is either as an inpatient or an outpatient (with options to classify an outpatient as a normal outpatient, accident and emergency patient or a referred patient). |
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| Each encounter is identified by a unique Episode Number and the healthcare establishment where it occurred. The services provided to the patient whether clinical care (like laboratory tests, X-ray investigations, pharmacy prescriptions etc.) or supportive in nature (like type of bed, type of meal etc...) are all identified against the Episode Number(same as Admission Number in case of inpatient encounter) or even at a lower level like VisitNumber in the case of an outpatient or bed number in the case of inpatients. This stored information is available on inquiry |
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| either at a consolidated level through the Patient Number or for each encounter through the Episode Number. At the same time it allows departmental services like Laboratory, Radiology, Operation Theatres etc. to be implemented to meet their respective operational requirements. |
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| Built for Comprehensive Use |
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- Patient Administration Services
- Clinical Support Services
- Patient Care Services
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| Built for More Effective Use |
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| Kranium integrates Multimedia, Video-Conferencing and Imaging Technology options. This ensures the on-line availability of patient information in data, voice, text and image (still and moving) formats to all services across the continuum of a healthcare establishment. |
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| Built for User Freedom |
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| Kranium is designed on open source / open system standards for modular and scalable use. This not only makes deployment independent of hardware, operating system and network environment but also gives users a need-based solution that grows with them. |
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| Built for Secure Use |
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| Kranium is built with a robust security system, which governs the entire application in a global manner: |
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| 1. Password: The Basic Level of Security |
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| The system provides the following standard facilities in conjunction with the OS / RDBMS security systems: |
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- Auto Log-Off After Certain Interval of Inactivity
- Database Level Security
- Responsibility / Operating Unit Access Control
- Functions / Sub-Function Level Access Control
- Extra Access Control for Sensitive / Confidential Information
- Control of Access
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| Modules : |
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| Kranium’s functionality can be broadly categorized under the following types of services: |
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| Patient Administration Services |
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| This suite of modules handles the administration of patients with regard to their
registration, visits to outpatient clinics and appointments, admittance to wards
and associated transfers and discharges, management of wards/ beds, ordering for services to various departments and maintenance of medical records. |
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| Patient Registration is an on-line interactive system providing a record of all patients registered, through a unique patient identification number. It holds demographic, medical and financial details, which are of long-term significance. It generates patient identification cards, adhesive labels and patient folder front sheets. |
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| Appointments Scheduling allows booking/rescheduling of appointments based
on variable timetable and appointment structures. |
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| Outpatient Management registers patient visits to various clinics, manages
patient queue and records consultation details. |
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| Inpatient Management handles patient admissions, transfers and discharges. It
provides for ward/bed assignment through on-line bed availability status and
produces adhesive label wristband inserts and admissions forms to facilitate
proper identification of patients. Waiting lists provide for control of admissions
based on priority and medical service groups. |
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| Accident and Emergency is designed for rapid registration of patients arriving
at the accident and emergency department. This module generates casualty
cards and tracks treatment details. A wide variety of trauma, RTA etc. related
statistics could be generated. |
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| Medical Records assists the records department in maintaining a
comprehensive medical record for each patient. It caters to inpatient and
outpatient morbidity coding, provides various reports on resource utilization and disease incidence. The chart tracking sub module tracks the movement of patient notes within and outside the hospital. |
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| Patient Billing provides a flexible and comprehensive means of tracking and
consolidating patient charges from the time of patient registration to the time the
patient leaves the hospital. It handles both inpatients and outpatients and
automates the billing process leading to improved cash flow within the hospitals.
All patient related modules of Kranium interface with the Billing modules to pass on the charge information for patient services rendered. A set of user-defined billing rules guide the billing run to generate invoices and bills. The billing runs can be executed at pre-defined intervals for each episode, for each set of service rendered or in any combination of the above. The module allows full or partial billing of patients or insurance companies or other relevant authorities. |
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| Insurance Management The Insurance Management module aids in tracking the insurance processing details for patients having appropriate insurance policies. It provides for validating on a number of factors as part of the billing and settlement processes including identification of services that are excluded from coverage, services which require prior approval from insurance companies, co- payments & insurance deductibles, etc. The module is integrated with Patient Billing. |
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| Clinical Support Services |
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| The modules under Clinical Support Services provide departmental services
required for providing primary patient care and include Pharmacy, Radiology, Laboratory, Pathology, Blood Transfusion and Operation Theatres. |
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| Pharmacy / Medical Store Management caters for drug information, dispensing
and stock control functions of the pharmacy department. It could maintain
complete drug formulary with contraindications, interactions, dosage details, etc.
and supports various drug classifications and indexes if connected to an external drug database. Medication issues are reviewed by authorized pharmacists
where necessary. Medication orders are linked to inpatient episodes, while
prescriptions are linked to outpatient visits. Facility also exists for online interface with external standard drug databases through third-part tools. Drug inventory is maintained through comprehensive stock management functions. |
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| Medical Stores addresses the maintenance of the inventory exclusively for pharmacy items of a hospital. It caters to single and multi-store facility, expiry of drugs through individual batches, manufacturing items, reorder, minimum & maximum quantities for different types of items. It caters to different kinds of transactions associated with unique transaction numbers. |
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| Radiology provides for appointment scheduling, request registration with
examination details, reporting, post-examination registration, and billing. Patient
statistics and utilization reports are available for departmental control and planning. Resource Scheduling reduces patient waiting time and improves
utilization of critical resources. Text processing facilities are available for
reporting including coded comments in the form of text blocks. For each
examination carried out the number of films used and the quantity of drugs
consumed is recorded. |
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| Laboratory - Chemistry and Haematology offers in addition to standard
features of patient registration, specimen login, work lists and reporting, facilitate linkage to a range of automated analyzers. The Hematology sub-module allows recording of blood film analysis and specialized keyboard option for cell counting. Results are checked for delta and percentage differences and validated against age and sex related references. |
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| Laboratory - Microbiology caters to the requirement of Bacteriology, Mycology,
Parasitology, Micrology and Serology. On result entry, the module checks for
antibiotic sensitivities and offers entry of free text or coded comments. The report
facilities cover antibiotic resistance trends, infection control reports and
organism-isolated criteria including microbiology procedures. |
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| Laboratory - Anatomical Pathology provides for on-line text handling and
coded comment features to cater to the specific needs of Histology, Cytology and
post-mortem departments. |
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| Patient Care Services |
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| The modules under the Patient Care Services provide departmental services
required such as Doctor’s Workstation, Nursing Management, Orders & Results
Reporting and Operation Theatre. |
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| Doctors Workstation provides the clinicians a single point access to the
electronic medical record consisting of the patient demographic details, past
medical history and vitals maintained in the system. The history of the patient is
viewed chronologically listed as per the encounters with hyperlinks to the clinical details for each encounter. It is also possible for the clinicians to view the list of inpatients under his / her care and the patients waiting for consultation in the OPD. The doctors and / or nurses are able to update / view the pre-consultation observations such as height, weight, BP, Temperature, etc.
The module helps the clinicians in recording the different kinds of documentation as part of the patient care including progress notes, discharge summary, referral letters, etc. The documentation can be recorded based on pre-defined templates. |
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| Different roles of documentation are definable to control the documentation
quality e.g. transcribers, reviewer / authorizer, viewer. Also, documentation entry is initially recorded as a draft, which needs to be finalized by authorized Doctor. |
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| The module allows defining of templates corresponding to different specialties so that the details are recorded and viewed according to the doctors’ specialty. The doctors will be able to update the diagnosis and procedure codes as per the predefined coding structure such as ICD10 or CPT through a dynamic multi-layered code selection / search utility including the facility to define doctor specific diagnosis. |
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| Nursing Management module consists of a set of functions and sub-modules
that can be run at each nursing station. This aids in the flow of patient information throughout the hospital. Orders can be placed from nursing stations for individual patients. Nurses can view the status results of their orders. Patient information can be enquired upon and transfers & discharges recorded. This module facilitates recording of progress notes and review of diagnostic and clinical orders. |
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| Orders and Results Reporting allows entry and tracking of orders made from
wards, clinics and departments for various services including investigations for
laboratory, radiology and prescriptions for drugs. The order requests can be
routed to print at the pre-defined locations or can be viewed by the service
department staff for processing the request orders. The module provides defining of priorities for the orders with a facility to make on-line inquiry into the status of the orders. It is possible to define review / authorization rules prior to the release of orders to the service departments. Also, it is possible to define a panel of tests (battery / order set) for expediting the ordering process. It is integrated with Laboratory Suite, Radiology and Pharmacy Management modules for enabling online order and result processing in the respective areas. For instance, some of the results in the laboratory department can be captured through interface with the various laboratory analyzers. |
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| Operating Theatre module maintains theatre reservation details through predefined schedules and provides for extensive post-operation record keeping
including time / duration of surgical procedure, procedure details, surgeons,
anaesthetists and paramedical staff involved, specimen details, if any, and
corresponding reports with surgeon’s comments in text form. It generates
utilization statistics and performance reports. |
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| Interfaces : |
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| Kranium is built to fit into a healthcare environment in which multiple solutions and technologies operate. To ensure seamless integration and operation, Kranium features effective interfaces from the HIS to the different solutions and technologies. These include: |
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Interface to PACS |
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Interface to Laboratory Analyzers |
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Interface to SMS System |
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Interface to HRMS |
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Interface to Financials |
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Interface to ERP |
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| Features : |
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Driven by a holistic vision and understanding and deep insights, Kranium’s continuous development has ensured it is packed with a host of features, General and Operational. |
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Here, we present a list of Kranium’s features. For a detailed summary,
- General Features
- Operational Features
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| General Features |
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Comprehensive |
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Modular |
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Integrated |
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Flexible Design |
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Information Pool Design |
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Phased Implementation |
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MIS Reporting Capabilities |
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Maintainability |
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Centralized Clinical EMR Repository |
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Interface to ERP |
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Automated Processes and Intelligent Workflow |
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Online Access to EMR Information |
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Data Security |
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Adherence to International HealthCare IT Standards |
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User Friendly Interface |
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Multimedia Enabled Patient Data |
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| Operational Features |
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Browser Interface |
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Ad-hoc Queries |
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User-definable Codes |
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On-line search capabilities for Entry Codes |
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User Profile Driven Function Menus |
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Ease-of-use |
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Customizable Messages |
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System-wide standard user interface |
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Hard Copy Outputs |
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Free-format Text Entry |
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| Standards : |
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| Open System Design |
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| Kranium is inherently open source / open system based by design and uses MySQL / PostgreSQL and can also support commercial Relational Database Management Systems. Kranium product design and philosophy ensures that the product meets established global standards in Health Care Informatics. It is hardware, OS and network independent and can be deployed on different hardware platforms including IBM, SUN, HP, DEC, Compaq, etc. The Operating System for Kranium can either be Windows or LINUX. |
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| Kranium supports all standard network infrastructures such as: |
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_ Standard Cabling with UTP, fiber optic, etc.
_ LAN or WAN with leased line or dial-up network
_ Intranet / Internet |
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| Kranium’s Architecture |
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| Screenshots : |
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